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level: (random questions 2)

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level questions: (random questions 2)

Question	Answer
Initial GI symptoms are followed by SEVERE CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS (ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation, hypotension) and CNS EFFECTS (agitation, coma, convulsions)	(Fluoroacetic acid and its derivatives) Sodium fluoroacetate and Fluoroacetamide
(significant number of suicide or homicides attempts or even accidental consumption) Excessive consumption can cause BLEEDING or HEMORRHAGE anticoagulant used as rodenticides	Warfarin
Acute exposure: respiratory, GI, neurological symptom: lethargy, ataxia, also manifested by headache, seizures, paresthesia, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY= tingling sensation in fingers and feet. Fumigants	Methyl bromide
o Control plant and fungal diseases o Can cause dermatitis Fumigant	Sulfur
Manifestation: “Cholinergic syndrome” (DUMBBELLS) INSECTICIDES	Organophosphorus compounds
Organophosphorus Treatments	1 Atropine 2 Pralidoxime 3 Diazepam
prevents the action of accumulating acetylcholine on the receptors and usually given intravenously to prevent the signs of excess cholinergic stimulation	Atropine
Given as an early organophosphorus exposure, and prevent acetylcholinesterase aging	Pralidoxime
Use to relieve anxiety in mild cases and reduce muscles fasciculations and control convulsions in the more severe cases	Diazepam
Usually occurs 2 or 3 weeks after a single exposure of organophosphorus Manifestations (Distal sensorimotor AXONOPATHY)	Organophosphate-induced Delayed Polyneuropathy (OPIDP)
Signs and Symptoms: MIOSIS, URINATION, DIARRHEA, SALIVATION, MUSCLE FASCICULATION, and CNS effects	Carbamates
if there is an exposure of carbamates then followed by the organophosphorus compounds, carbamates can offer protection against __	Organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP)
Type of additives of carbamate nontoxic and non mutagenics	Methyl carbamates
Carbamate toxicity treatment	Atropine
o Used as medicine as topical treatment of scabies and head lice o In tropical countries, it is used to soaked bed nets to prevent mosquitoes manifestation is PARESTHESIA (tingling, pricking, chilling, numbing, numbness sensation). INSECTICIDES	Pyrethroids
Convulsion is the prominent aspect	Hexachlorocyclohexanes & Cyclodienes
readily absorbed thru the skin, the MANIFESTATION IS SAME WITH THE DDT but the TREMOR IS ABSENT on this poisoning	Lindane and Cyclodienes ( cyclodienes and derivatives.)