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level: Important Questions

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Important Questions

QuestionAnswer
Main determinants of toxicity SOLVENTS1. Number of carbon atoms 2. saturated or unsaturated, having double or triple bonds between the adjacent carbon atoms 3. Configuration (cis or trans) or Stereochemical property 4. Presence of functional groups
solvents classes○ Aliphatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated HYDROCARBONS ○ Aromatic hydrocarbons ○ Alcohols, ethers, esters,/acetates, amides/amines, aldehydes, ketones ○ Complex mixture
1 their Systemic absorption of inhaled VOCs may be greater high cardiac output and respiratory rates 2 Age affected by this1 Children and infants 2 children ages 1⁄2 to 3 years old
1 tends to reach higher blood levels 2 accumulate in the adipose tissue and release slowly1 More polar solvents 2 lipid solvents
1 enhance the toxicity of solvents 2 decrease the toxicity of solvents1) P450 INHIBITORS 2) P450 INDUCERS
exercise increases __1 alveolar ventilation 2 cardiac output 3 pulmonary blood flow
1 are rapidly absorbed into the pulmonary circulation 2 __ is the rate limiting of this chemical.1 Polar solvents (acetone, ethanol, ethylene glycol) 2 alveolar ventilation (RATE LIMITING STEP OF POLAR SOLVENTS)
1 increase pulmonary uptake of polar solvents 2 double the uptake of lipid soluble solvents1 Heavy exercise 2 people who do not exercise or do light exercise
rate limiting for uptake of more lipophilic solvents.Pulmonary blood flow and metabolism
Food intake results in increased __, which favors GI absorption, hepatic blood flow, and biotransformationsplanchnic blood flow