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level: Level 6 - Kidney and Bladder & Blood and Bone Marrow

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 6 - Kidney and Bladder & Blood and Bone Marrow

Question	Answer
Kidney and Bladder Plants that are carcinogen	● Bracken fern
Plants that causes Kidney Tubular degeneration	● Cocklebur ● Cortinarius orellanus
(use in decoration together with the flower) - The major carcinogen is PTAQUILOSIDE (abundant in the cruisers and the young unfolding fronds of ferns), it is a NORSESQUITERPENE GLUCOSIDE - “BOVINE ENZOOTIC HEMATURIA” (increase in number of abnormal chromosomes in the body) - Manifested by: HEMORRHAGIC SYNDROME which is associated with LEUKOPENIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA & ANEMIA There is also Multiple urinary bladder tumors: in the form of EPITHELIAL AND MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS - CONSUMPTION of “YOUNG FERN SHOOTS” in Humans: CANCER of the UPPER ALIMENTARY TRACT.	● Bracken fern
(increase in number of abnormal chromosomes in the body) caused by bracken fern	“BOVINE ENZOOTIC HEMATURIA”
1 (ABUNDANT in the CRUISERS & the YOUNG UNFOLDING FRONDS of FERNS), it is a NORSESQUITERPENE GLUCOSIDE 2 Consumption of “young bracken fern shoots” will cause __	1 PTAQUILOSIDE 2 CANCER of the Upper Alimentary Tract.
- Glucoside (CARBOXYATRACTYLOSIDE = degeneration of kidney tubular) - Clinical signs and symptoms: Depression, dyspnea which includes tubular degeneration and NECROSIS KIDNEY and CENTRILOBULAR NECROSIS in LIVER	Cocklebur
- Causes ACUTE RENAL FAILURE - It may RESULT TO THE DEATH OF THE PERSON/ animal that ingested it - Renal biopsy: show ACUTE DEGENERATIVE TUBULAR LESIONS with INFLAMMATORY INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS	Cortinarius orellanus
Blood and Bone Marrow 1 Plants that are Anticoagulants 2 Plants that causes Bone Marrow Genotoxicity	1 ● Sweet clover (melilotus alba) 2 ● Argemone oil
(DAMAGE ON GENETIC INFORMATION in the cells = translate the variety of diseases specifically, toxicity in the bone marrow = SUPPRESS THE PRODUCTION OF IMPORTANT FIGHTERS in the body = suppress immune system)	Bone Marrow Genotoxicity
Plants that causes Cyanogens	1 Kernels of apples, cherries, and peaches 2 Prunus amygdalus 3 Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
- contains DICUMAROL (3,3-methylene-bis (4-hydroxycoumarin) - fungal metabolite and an effective anticoagulant causing prothrombin deficiency. - Too much consumption = cause SERIOUS TOXICITY & DEATH specially on the wild animals and others such as CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS upon consumption of this plant - It will cause HEMORRHAGES due to effects of anticoagulant which prevents blood clots then continuous hemorrhaging and blood flow.	● Sweet clover (melilotus alba)
fungal metabolite and an EFFECTIVE ANTICOAGULANT CAUSING PROTHROMBIN DEFICIENCY. present in sweet clover	DICUMAROL
- Produce SANGUINARINE, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid - can insert directly in DNA which can cause bone marrow toxicity which can suppress the immune system. - ADULTERANT OF MUSTARD OIL - they can be mixed together with mustard oil without any difference (same color and odor)	Argemone oil
(Do not eat the seeds= it contains CYANOGEN that may cause CYANIDE POISONING) - Related genera in the rose family is amygdalin	● Kernels of apples, cherries, and peaches
(BITTER ALMOND = seeds contain cyanogen = cyanide poisoning) - Manifestation: general weakness, shortness of breath, confusion, sometimes bizarre behavior, death from cyanide is due to asphyxia	Prunus amygdalus
- contains LINIMARIN, a cyanogenic glucoside - Proper cooking don’t lead to poisoning	Cassava (Manihot esculenta)