| The combustion process that occurs when a hydrocarbon burns in an excess of oxygen, resulting in the production of carbon dioxide and water. | Complete Combustion |
| What is complete combustion, and what are the products of this process? | Complete combustion is the burning of a hydrocarbon in an excess of oxygen. The products of complete combustion are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). |
| Compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only. | Hydrocarbons |
| What are hydrocarbons, and how do they participate in combustion reactions? | Hydrocarbons are compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon atoms only. During combustion, hydrocarbons undergo reactions with oxygen, resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide and water. |
| Saturated hydrocarbons consisting of single-bonded carbon atoms, following the general formula CnH2n+2. | Alkanes |
| What are alkanes, and what is their general formula? | Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons composed of single-bonded carbon atoms. Their general formula is CnH2n+2. |
| Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, with the general formula CnH2n. | Alkenes |
| What are alkenes, and what is their general formula? | Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Their general formula is CnH2n. |
| The addition of oxygen to carbon and hydrogen atoms during combustion reactions. | Oxidation of Carbon and Hydrogen |
| What is the oxidation of carbon and hydrogen, and when does it occur? | The oxidation of carbon and hydrogen involves the addition of oxygen during combustion reactions, occurring when hydrocarbons burn in the presence of excess oxygen. |
| Chemical reactions in which atoms or groups of atoms are added to a molecule. | Addition Reactions |
| What are addition reactions, and what is their characteristic feature? | Addition reactions involve the addition of atoms or groups of atoms to a molecule. In these reactions, the characteristic feature is the conversion of a double bond into a single bond, enabling the formation of new bonds. |
| A specific group of atoms within a molecule responsible for its characteristic chemical properties. | Functional Group |
| What is the functional group for alkenes, and why is it significant in reactions? | The functional group for alkenes is the C=C double bond. It is significant because it is the part of the molecule that reacts with other substances, determining the chemical properties of alkenes. |
| Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, with the general formula CnH2n. | Alkenes |
| Define alkenes and state their general formula. | Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Their general formula is CnH2n. |
| A group of elements that includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. | Halogens |
| Which halogens can alkenes undergo addition reactions with? | Alkenes can undergo addition reactions with halogens, such as bromine. |
| The carbon-carbon double bond in the structure of alkenes. | C=C Double Bond |
| What happens to the C=C double bond in alkenes during addition reactions? | In addition reactions, the C=C double bond becomes a single bond, allowing carbon atoms to form new bonds and resulting in the addition of atoms or groups to the molecule. |
| A chemical test used to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes based on their reactivity with bromine water. | Bromine Water Test |
| What is the purpose of the bromine water test, and what does it help distinguish between? | The bromine water test is used to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes. It helps identify the presence of a double bond in alkenes, making them more reactive than alkanes. |
| The tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reactions. | Reactivity |
| Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes? | Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of a double bond in their structure. |
| A chemical bond involving two pairs of shared electrons between two adjacent atoms. | Double Bond |
| What structural feature in alkenes contributes to their increased reactivity? | The presence of a double bond in alkenes contributes to their increased reactivity. |
| A solution of bromine dissolved in water, often orange in color. | Bromine Water |
| What is the color change observed when alkenes react with bromine water? | When alkenes react with bromine water, the solution changes from orange to colourless. |
| Saturated hydrocarbons containing only single carbon-carbon bonds, with the general formula CnH2n+2. | Alkanes |
| Do alkanes react with bromine water in the same way as alkenes? | No, alkanes do not react with bromine water in the same way as alkenes. Alkenes cause a color change (orange to colourless), while alkanes do not exhibit this reaction. |
