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level: The circulatory system 2

Questions and Answers List

level questions: The circulatory system 2

QuestionAnswer
A circulatory system where blood flows through two separate circuits: one for oxygenated blood to be distributed to the body and another for deoxygenated blood to be sent to the lungs.Double Circulatory System
How does the double circulatory system work, and what are the two circuits involved?The double circulatory system involves two circuits: one carrying oxygenated blood around the body, and the other carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
Blood rich in oxygen, usually pumped from the heart to supply oxygen to various tissues and organs.Oxygenated Blood
What is the destination of oxygenated blood in the circulatory system?Oxygenated blood is carried around the body to supply oxygen to tissues and organs.
Blood that has released oxygen to tissues and is returning to the heart, typically directed to the lungs for oxygenation.Deoxygenated Blood
What happens to deoxygenated blood in the double circulatory system?Deoxygenated blood is directed to the lungs to pick up more oxygen in the double circulatory system.
Blood vessels that supply the heart muscle (myocardium) with oxygenated blood and nutrients.Coronary Arteries
Why is the coronary circulation important, and what do coronary arteries supply to the heart?Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood and nutrients to the heart muscle, ensuring the heart has its own blood supply.
The muscular wall of the heart, responsible for pumping blood.Myocardium
What is the role of the myocardium in the heart?The myocardium is the muscular wall of the heart responsible for pumping blood throughout the circulatory system.
The heart's function of pumping blood to circulate it throughout the body.Heart as a Pump
What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?The heart acts as a pump, facilitating the circulation of blood throughout the body.
A sugar that serves as a vital energy source for cells and tissues.Glucose
Why is the supply of glucose important for the heart's function?The coronary arteries supply the heart with oxygenated blood and glucose, providing essential energy for the heart's muscle contraction.
The large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the right atrium of the heart.Vena Cava
What is the function of the vena cava in the circulatory system?The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the right atrium of the heart.
The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.Pulmonary Artery
Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood, and what is its significance?The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation, a crucial step in the circulatory process.
The blood vessel that transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.Pulmonary Vein
What role does the pulmonary vein play in the circulation of blood?The pulmonary vein brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
The main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.Aorta
Where does the aorta carry blood, and why is it essential in the circulatory system?The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body, supplying oxygen to various tissues and organs.
The upper chambers of the heart (left atrium and right atrium) that receive blood from veins.Atrium
What is the function of the atrium in the heart?The atrium receives blood from veins and pumps it to the ventricle.
The lower chambers of the heart (left ventricle and right ventricle) that pump blood to the arteries.Ventricle
What is the role of the ventricle in the heart's function?The ventricle pumps blood to the arteries, facilitating its circulation through the body.
Structures within the heart that prevent the backward flow of blood.Heart Valves
Why are heart valves essential in the circulatory system, and where are they located?Heart valves prevent the backward flow of blood and are located between the atria and ventricles and in the arteries leaving the heart.
A group of cells located in the right atrium of the heart that controls the natural resting heart rate.Pacemaker Cells
Where are pacemaker cells located, and what is their function?Pacemaker cells are located in the right atrium of the heart, and their function is to control the natural resting heart rate.
Pacemaker cells that regulate the heart's rhythm and initiate contractions.Natural Pacemaker
What is the significance of the natural pacemaker in the heart?The natural pacemaker, composed of pacemaker cells, regulates the heart's rhythm and initiates contractions, influencing the overall heartbeat.
The volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute.Cardiac Output
What is cardiac output, and what does it depend on?Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart every minute. It depends on the heart rate (beats per minute) and stroke volume.
An equation that calculates cardiac output by multiplying heart rate and stroke volume.Cardiac Output Equation
The number of heartbeats per minute.Heart Rate
What is heart rate, and how is it measured?Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per minute (bpm), and it is measured as a component in the cardiac output equation.
The volume of blood pumped by the heart in one heartbeat.Stroke Volume
What is stroke volume, and what role does it play in cardiac output?Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one heartbeat. It is a component in the cardiac output equation, influencing the overall volume of blood pumped.
The cardiac output equation rearranged to calculate heart rate or stroke volume based on known cardiac output.Rearranged Cardiac Output Equation
Provide an example calculation of cardiac output given a heart rate of 75 bpm and a stroke volume of 80 cm³.Cardiac Output = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume = 75 bpm × 80 cm³ = 6000 cm³/min.