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level: The circulatory system 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: The circulatory system 1

QuestionAnswer
A specialized bodily fluid that circulates through vessels, carrying nutrients and oxygen to the cells and removing waste products.Blood
What are the main components of blood?Blood consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function.Tissue
Why is blood considered a tissue?Despite being a fluid, blood is considered a tissue because it is a collection of specialized cells working together. These cells include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
The fluid part of blood, consisting mainly of water, in which blood cells are suspended.Plasma
What is the function of plasma in blood?Plasma transports various substances around the body, including nutrients (like digested food molecules), waste products (like urea and carbon dioxide), and other blood components.
Blood cells that contain hemoglobin, responsible for transporting oxygen to body tissues.Red Blood Cells
What is the primary function of red blood cells?The main function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen to body tissues, facilitated by the presence of hemoglobin.
Blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune system, defending the body against infections.White Blood Cells
What is the role of white blood cells in the blood?White blood cells are involved in the body's immune response, defending against infections and foreign substances.
Small cell fragments involved in blood clotting.Platelets
What is the function of platelets in blood?Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting, helping to prevent excessive bleeding when there is damage to blood vessels.
Substances that provide nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and growth.Nutrients
How does blood contribute to the transport of nutrients in the body?Plasma in the blood transports nutrients, including digested food molecules, to various parts of the body, supporting essential functions and growth.
Also known as erythrocytes, red blood cells are specialized cells responsible for transporting oxygen to cells throughout the body.Red Blood Cells
What is another name for red blood cells, and what is their primary function?Another name for red blood cells is erythrocytes. Their primary function is to transport oxygen to cells all around the body.
A protein molecule found in red blood cells that binds to and carries oxygen.Haemoglobin
What is the role of haemoglobin in red blood cells?Haemoglobin is a molecule in red blood cells that holds and carries oxygen, facilitating its transport to various cells.
The central part of a cell that contains genetic material. Red blood cells lack a nucleus.NO Nucleus (in the context of red blood cells)
Why do red blood cells lack a nucleus, and what advantage does this adaptation provide?Red blood cells lack a nucleus to create more space for haemoglobin. This adaptation allows for a higher concentration of oxygen-carrying haemoglobin.
A shape characterized by a curved or rounded surface, like the inner surface of a sphere. Red blood cells have a concave shape.Concave Shape (in the context of red blood cells)
What is the significance of the concave shape of red blood cells?The concave shape provides red blood cells with a larger surface area, enhancing their ability to absorb oxygen efficiently.
Tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of substances between the blood and tissues.Capillaries
Why are red blood cells small and flexible, and how does this contribute to their function?Red blood cells are small and flexible, allowing them to pass through narrow capillaries easily. This adaptability is essential for efficient oxygen transport to various tissues.
A waste product produced by cells during metabolism. Red blood cells absorb carbon dioxide and transport it to the lungs for exhalation.Carbon Dioxide
In addition to transporting oxygen, what is another role of red blood cells regarding waste products?Red blood cells absorb carbon dioxide from cells and carry it to the lungs, where it is exhaled as a waste product.
Special features or characteristics that enhance an organism's ability to survive and function in its environment.Adaptations (in the context of red blood cells)
Summarize the key adaptations of red blood cells that make them efficient at their oxygen transport function.Red blood cells have adaptations, including a lack of nucleus, a concave shape for increased surface area, and small, flexible size, making them efficient at transporting oxygen and navigating through the circulatory system.
Blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune system by fighting infection and protecting the body against pathogens.White Blood Cells (WBCs)
What is the primary function of white blood cells in the body?White blood cells primarily function to fight infection and form a vital part of the immune system.
The body's defense mechanism against infections and diseases, involving various cells and processes that work together to identify and eliminate pathogens.Immune System
In what system are white blood cells actively involved, and what is the role of this system?White blood cells are actively involved in the immune system, where they play a crucial role in defending the body against infections and diseases.
A type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests microorganisms, such as pathogens, as part of the immune response.Phagocytes
What is the primary function of phagocytes in the immune system?Phagocytes kill microorganisms, including pathogens, by engulfing and digesting them as part of the immune response.
A type of white blood cell involved in the immune response, including the production of antibodies and antitoxins.Lymphocytes
What is the role of lymphocytes in the immune system, and how do they contribute to the body's defense?Lymphocytes destroy pathogens and toxins by releasing antibodies and antitoxins, playing a crucial role in the immune response.
The central part of a cell that contains genetic material. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells have a nucleus.Nucleus (in the context of white blood cells)
Do white blood cells have a nucleus, and how does this differ from red blood cells?Yes, white blood cells have a nucleus, unlike red blood cells. The presence of a nucleus in white blood cells is a distinguishing feature.
Microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, that cause diseases or infections in the body.Pathogens
What is the specific target of phagocytes in the immune system?Phagocytes target and kill microorganisms, including pathogens, by engulfing and digesting them as part of the immune response.
Substances released by lymphocytes to neutralize and counteract pathogens and toxins, respectively.Antibodies and Antitoxins
What substances do lymphocytes release, and how do these substances contribute to the immune response?Lymphocytes release antibodies to destroy pathogens and antitoxins to neutralize toxins, actively participating in the immune response.
Small cell fragments in the blood that play a crucial role in blood clotting and wound healing.Platelets
What are platelets, and where are they found in the blood?Platelets are small cell fragments found in the blood.
The process by which blood forms clots to prevent excessive bleeding from wounds or injuries.Blood Clotting
What is the primary function of blood clotting in the body?The primary function of blood clotting is to prevent excessive bleeding from wounds or injuries.
Molecules that make up the structure of platelets, allowing them to stick together and adhere to damaged areas of blood vessels.Proteins (in the context of platelets)
What role do proteins play in the functioning of platelets, especially in the context of blood clotting?Proteins on the surface of platelets allow them to stick together and adhere to damaged areas of blood vessels, contributing to blood clotting.
A mass of coagulated blood formed by platelets at the site of a wound or injury.Clot
What is formed when platelets stick together during the blood clotting process?When platelets stick together, they form a clot at the site of a wound or injury.
The natural process by which the body repairs injuries, including the formation of blood clots by platelets.Wound Healing
How do platelets contribute to the process of wound healing in the body?Platelets play a crucial role in wound healing by forming blood clots, preventing excessive bleeding from wounds or injuries.
The ability of platelets to adhere to each other during the blood clotting process.Stick Together (in the context of platelets)
What characteristic of platelets allows them to form clots during the blood clotting process?The ability of platelets to stick together enables them to form clots during the blood clotting process.
Sites in blood vessels where injuries or wounds have occurred, prompting platelets to adhere and form clots.Damage Areas of Blood Vessels
Where do platelets specifically stick during blood clotting, and why?Platelets stick to damaged areas of blood vessels during blood clotting, helping form clots to prevent bleeding.
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, characterized by thick and elastic walls to withstand the high pressure of blood flow.Arteries
What is the primary function of arteries in the circulatory system?Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, featuring wide lumens and valves to facilitate blood flow and maintain the right direction of blood circulation.Veins
What distinguishes veins from arteries in terms of structure and function?Veins carry blood back to the heart, have wider lumens, and contain valves to assist blood flow and ensure proper direction.
Tiny blood vessels that facilitate the exchange of substances such as oxygen and nutrients between blood and cells due to their thin walls.Capillaries
Where in the body are capillaries found, and what is their role in the circulatory system?Capillaries are found close to every cell in the body and facilitate the exchange of substances like oxygen and nutrients between blood and cells.
The force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels, particularly high in arteries.Blood Pressure
Why do arteries have thick and elastic walls?Arteries have thick and elastic walls to cope with the high pressure of the blood they carry.
Structures in veins that prevent the backflow of blood and maintain the proper direction of blood circulation.Valves (in the context of veins)
What is the function of valves in veins, and why are they necessary?Valves in veins prevent the backflow of blood, ensuring that blood flows in the correct direction back to the heart.
The central, open space within a blood vessel through which blood flows.Lumen
How does the lumen of veins compare to that of arteries, and why?The lumen of veins is wider than that of arteries to assist in the flow of blood, especially since blood in veins is at a lower pressure.
The process facilitated by capillaries, allowing substances like oxygen and nutrients to move in and out of the blood.Exchange of Substances
What role do capillaries play in the exchange of substances within the circulatory system?Capillaries facilitate the exchange of substances, allowing oxygen and nutrients to move in and out of the blood.