| ethnicity | identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth |
| race | identity with a group of people who are perceived to share a physiological trait such as skin color |
| nationality | identity with a group of people who share legal attachment to a particular country |
| ethnic enclave | a place with a high concentration of an ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surronding area |
| ethnoburb | a suburban area with a cluster of a particular ethnic population |
| triangular slave trade | a practice, primarily during the eighteenth century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa
to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa. |
| sharecropping | a person who working fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays the loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops |
| blockbusting | a process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of the fear the people of color will soon move into the neighborhood |
| Apartheid | Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically seperated differnetraces into differnet geographic areas |
| nationalism | Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality |
| centripetal force | Acultural value that tends to unify people |
| centrifrugal force | A cultural value that tends to pull people apart. |
| ethnic cleanisng | A purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain georaphic areas |
| balkanization | divide (a region or body) into smaller mutually hostile states or groups. |
| genocide | The mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence. |
| microstate | A state that encompasses a very small land area |
| Sovereignty | Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states. |
| nation state | state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular nation. |
| city state | A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediately surrounding countryside. |
| self determination | The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves |
| multiethnic state | has people belonging to more than one ethnic group, in contrast to societies that are ethnically homogeneous |
| multinational state | A state that contains two or more cultural groups with traditions of selfdetermination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities. |
| colonialism | An attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory |
| boundary | an invisible line that marks the extent of a states teriitory |
| frontier | A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control. |
| compact state | Astate in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly. |
| elongated state | A state with a long, narrow shape. |
| Prorupted state | An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension |
| perforated state | A state that completely surrounds another on |
| fragmented state | A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territories |
| landlocked state | A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea. |
| autocracy | A country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people. |
| anocracy | A country that is not fully democratic or fully autocratic but rather displays a mix of the two type |
| unitary state | An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials. |
| federal state | An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government. |
| gerrymandering | The process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power. |
| balance of power | A condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries. |
| north atlantic treaty organiztion | The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, better known as NATO, was initially founded in 1949 by non-communist countries as a political alliance agreeing to defend against communist advances. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, the organization evolved into more of a complete military organization with a central command. |
| the warsaw pact | an alliance founded in 1955 between Eastern European countries to serve as a military and political unit of contiguous communist nations. |
| european union | It's a union of some European countries that is based to promote development within the member states through economic cooperation. |
| terrorism | The threatened or actual use of illegal force and violence by a non state actor to attain a politcial economic or religios or socail goal through fear coercion or intimindation |
| al-qaeda | Terrorist network responsible for most of the anti-US terrorism in the 1990s and the 9/11 attack. |
| islamic state | Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, a jihadist militant terrorist organizationthat follows a fundamentalist variation of the doctrine of Sunni Islam. |
| boko haram | was founded in 2002 in northeastern Nigeria into an Islamic state and it opposed adoption of western culture practices, especially by Christians in the south of the country |
| commonwealth | an independent country or community, especially a democratic republic. has a relationship with a bigger company |
