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level: Level 1 of Chapter 15

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of Chapter 15

QuestionAnswer
Why are alkanes generally unreactive compoundsVery small difference in electronegativity between carbon and hydrogen. Their atoms share the pair of electrons in the single covalent bond almost equally. Therefore, alkane molecules are non-polar, so they are not attacked by nucleophiles or electrophiles
Alkanes are often used as fuels. We burn them for many reasons. Name 4.1. Generate electricity in power stations 2. Heat homes, cook our food 3. Provide energy needed in industrial processes 4. Provide fuel ships, aeroplanes, cars
Motor vehicles can now be fitted with catalytic converters in their exhaust systems. Once warmed up, a catalytic converter can cause the following reaction to take placeOxidation of carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide Reduction of nitrogen oxides to form harmless nitrogen gas Oxidation of unburnt hydrocarbons to form carbon dioxide and water
As well as the cracking of alkenes, alkenes can also be made by: (2)1. Elimination of hydrogen halide from a halogenoalkane by heating with ethanolic sodium hydroxide 2. Dehydration of an alcohol by using a heated catalyst or a concentrated acid
What is dehydrationThe elimination of water molecules from a reactant molecule
What is hydrogenationThe addition reaction of alkenes with hydrogen
Scientists in industry use the addition of steam to alkenes to make alcohols, how?They react steam and the gaseous alkenes at a high temperature and pressure, in the presence of concentrated phosphoric acid, H₃PO₄, as the catalyst
What can be used to oxidis alkenesAcidified potassium manganate(VII) solution
What is a polymerLong-chain molecule made up of many repeating units
What are the small reactive molecules that react together to make the polymer calledmonomers