| what is the functional group of an alcohol | hydroxyl group
-OH |
| what must be done when naming alcohols | the name must end in -ol
the position of the -OH group must be stated using a number (eg. Heptan-1-ol) |
| What is the general formula for alcohols | CnH2n+1OH |
| how do you name branched alcohols | number the branch
name the branch (methyl, ethyl, etc)
state the length of the longest chain (ethan, propan, butan)
number the position of the -OH group
add -ol at the end |
| what can alcohols be classed as | primary
secondary
tertiary |
| what does the class of an alcohol depend on | the position of the -OH group |
| what are primary alcohols | alcohols where the carbon atom attached to the hydroxyl group is only attached to one single alkyl group
this occurs when the hydroxyl group is on the end of the molecule |
| what are secondary alcohols | alcohols where the carbon atom attached to the hydroxyl group is attached to two alkyl groups on either side. |
| what is a tertiary alcohol | alcohols in which the carbon atom attached to the hydroxyl group is connected to 3 alkyl groups |
| why do alcohols have higher boiling points than alkanes with similar moleculer masses | because of the hydrogen bonding between alcohol molecules due to the OH group |
| what are alcohols with two hydroxyl groups called | diols |
| what are alcohols with three hydroxyl groups called | triols |
| what is the effect of the number of hydroxyl groups on an alcohol | number of hydroxyl groups impacts the properties of the alcohol |
| are alcohols polar or non polar | polar
due to the hydroxyl group |
