| Assertion | A strong statement |
| Antithesis | Statement opposed to another assertion (Not this, but that) |
| Anticipate an Objection | addressing an objection before someone can raise it |
| Direct address | speaking directly to someone |
| Rebuttal | final opposition to an assertion, disproving or refuting |
| Reduce to the absurd | showing the foolishness of an argument (usually through sarcasm) |
| Parallelism | When a writer or speaker expresses ideas of equal worth with the same grammatical form. (I came, I saw, I conquered) |
| Overstatement | saying considerably more that the situation warrants, usually to be ironic |
| Rhetorical Question | Asking a question without desiring a response |
| Repetition | deliberately repeating words or phrases to achieve a certain purpose |
| Anaphora | A special kind of repetition where words or phrases are repeated at the beginning of clauses |
| Sarcasm | Bitter or ironic language directed to cut or cause pain |
| Juxtaposition | Placing two opposite things side by side for comparison |
| Asyndeton | leaving out conjunctions (apples, carrots, bananas) |
| Polysyndeton | adding conjunctions (apples and carrots and bananas) |
| Allusion | indirect reference to literary, artistic, scientific, or historical people, places, or things for effect |
| Metaphor | a direct comparison between two unlike things for related effects (not using like or as) |
| Personification | human characteristics given to nonhuman things |
| Simile | a comparison using like or as |
| Diction | Word choice |
| Imagery | language used to evoke mental pictures; appeals to your senses |
| Syntax | sentence structure |
| Irony | is the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning. |
| Arugment | a set of statements, each supporting the others, that presents a position or viewpoint. An argument contains a hook, claim, support, concession & refutation, and call to action. |
| Call to action | voices a final plea |
| Claim | assert or affirm strongly; states your belief and what you wish to argue |
| Concession | the act of yielding; recognizes the arguments made by the other side |
| Refutation | at length against the opposing viewpoint by proving your side has more validity |
| Support | he act of bearing the weight of or strengthening; the reasoning behind your argument |
| Theme | the subject matter of a conversation or discussion; the underlying message |
| Topic sentence | asserts an opinion about a specific topic |
| Transition | the act of passing place to the next; used in writing to make ideas flow together |
| Cohesion | how the structure and content of a sentence or text is linked together to create meaning |
| False generalizations | a type of false reasoning in which speakers don't have enough evidence to support a broad conclusion, or they selectively leave out details and come to a quick conclusion |
| Pas de deux | a dance for two people, typically a man and a woman |
| Implication | an idea that is communicated indirectly, through a suggestion or hint |
| Consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environment |
| Demolition | destruction |
| Anecdote | a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person |
| Hostility | unfriendliness; hatred |
