SEARCH
You are in browse mode. You must login to use MEMORY

   Log in to start

level: Immune response and defence against disease

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Immune response and defence against disease

QuestionAnswer
Define a pathogenAn organism causing disease to its host
How do pathogens stimulate the immune response system?Specific immune responses are triggered by antigens. The immune system responds to antigens by producing cells that directly attack the pathogen, or by producing special proteins called antibodies.
Define an antigenAny substance that causes the body to make an immune response against that substance.
Define an antibodyA protein made by plasma cells in response to an antigen
Define the innate immune systemThe first response of the body's immune system to a harmful foreign substance. It is general/ non-specific.
Define the adaptive immune systemSpecialized immune cells and antibodies that attack and destroy foreign invaders and are able to prevent disease in the future by remembering what those substances look like and mounting a new immune response. (It is specific)
What are physical barriers to infection?The skin, hair, mucous membranes, and endothelia
What are chemical barriers to infection?Sweat, mucus, tears, and saliva (all contain enzymes)
Define inflammationA process by which your body's white blood cells and the things they make protect you from infection from outside invaders, such as bacteria and viruses.
Define humoral responseThe immune response involving the transformation of B cells into plasma cells that produce and secrete antibodies to a specific antigen.
Define prostaglandinsA group of lipids made at sites of tissue damage or infection that are involved in dealing with injury and illness
Define vasodilationThe widening of blood vessels as a result of the relaxation of the blood vessel's muscular walls
Define phagocytesA type of immune cell that can surround and kill microorganisms, ingest foreign material, and remove dead cells.
Define the complement systemThe complement system helps or “complements” the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism.
Define B lymphocytesB lymphocytes are part of the immune system and develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. They produce antibodes.
Define the function of T lymphocytesThey are cells specifically designed to fight infections they have not yet encountered.
What is the difference between T and B lymphocytes?B cells produce antibodies, and T cells destroy infected cells.
What is the difference between passive and active immunity?In active immunity, a body produces its own antibodies; in passive immunity, a person receives pre-made antibodies.