| What happens during inhalation? | Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, diaphragm flattens and pulls the bottom of the lungs down. Intercostal muscles pull the ribs up and outwards, lungs get bigger and air pressure inside is reduced |
| What happens during exhalation? | Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relaxes, diaphragm moves up into a dome shape, relaxed intercostal muscles allow ribs to move inwards as well as the lungs, lung size reduced, air pressure increased |
| What is alveoli? | Deoxygenated blood enters the capillaries, air containing oxygen in the lungs passes through each alveolus and co2 diffuses across the capillary walls and into the alveolus, oxygenated blood travels to body. |
| Percentage of everything in inhaled air? | 78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% other gases
0.03% CO2
a little water vapor |
| Percentage of everything in exhaled air? | 78% nitrogen
16% oxygen
4% carbon dioxide
2% other gases |
| What is aerobic exercise? | Working with oxygen, there is enough oxygen to meet the oxygen demand of the body. Used for low intensity and can be sustained for a long period of time. |
| What is the waste product of aerobic exercise and some examples of exercise and benefits? | Waste product: carbon dioxide
Examples: long distance running, long distance cycling, swimming
Benefits: improve muscular endurance |
| What is anerobic exercise? | Working without oxygen, there is not enough oxygen to meet the oxygen demand of the body. Used for high intensity workout for a short periods of time and it is hard to sustain for long periods. |
| What is the waste product of anerobic exercise and some examples of exercise and benefits? | Waste product: lactic acid which comes from the breakdown of glucose
Examples: sprinting, weight lifting, high intensity interval training
Benefits: can increase bone strength, power and tolerance to lactic acid |
| Immediate effects of training on respiratory system? | increase breathing rate
increase tidal volume
oxygen debt |
| Effects of respiratory system on regular training? | Strong diaphragm and intercostal muscles
increased number of alveoli
increased tidal capacity
increase gaseous exchange
more efficient carbon dioxide removal
increase number of blood vessels. |
| What is vital capacity? | Amount of air that can be forcibly expelled form the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible |
| How does the CV system and respiratory system work together? | In order to suppl oxygen and other substances needed for metabolism and to remove CO2. They both ensure that organ tissues and muscles receive enough oxygen |
| What is tidal volume? | The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath |
| What is the aerobic equation? | glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + ADT |
| What is the anerobic equation? | Glucose - energy released + lactic acid |
| What is stroke volume? | The amount of blood pumped |
| What is vasodilation? | The widening of blood vessels to allow more blood in |
| What is vasoconstriction? | The narrowing of blood vessels to not let too much blood through |
| What is vascular shunting ? | The redistribution of blood |
