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level: Gram positive Cocci

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Gram positive Cocci

QuestionAnswer
Micrococcus- gram positive cocci - aerobic, non motile - form in pairs, tetrads, clusters - mesophilic - found in skin of mammals - some produce yellow colonies - can cause food spoilage
Staphylococcus- gram positive facultative anaerobes - non motile cocci - usually in grape-like clusters - mesophilic - can grow in 10% NaCl - found on skin of humans, animals, and birds
Staphylococcus examples- human pathogen: Staphylococcus aureus - bioprocessing: Staphylococcus carnosus
Streptococcus examples- human pathogen: Streptococcus pyogenes - bioprocessing, produces lactic acid in diary formation: Streptococcus thermophilus
Streptococcus- gram positive - non motile spherical or ovoid cells - in pairs of chains - aerotolerant anaerobes - mesophilic - some are present as commensals in human respiratory tract
Enterococcus- gram positive aerotolerant anaerobes - non motile pairs or chains - aerotolerant aerobes - mesophile - found in intestinal tract of humans, animals, birds; in the environments - indicator organism - can cause food spoilage
Lactococcus- non motile, ovoid in pairs or shortchins - gram positive - aerotolerant anaerobes - mesophilic but can grow at 10 C - produce lactic acid, used for fermented dairy products - present in raw milk and ilk plants - some produce bacteriocins
Leuconostoc- non motile, spherical or lenticular - pairs or chains - gram positive aerotolerant anaerobes - aerotolerant anaerobes - mesophilic, some species can grow < 3 C - found in plants, meat, milk - heterofermentative: single fermentation product produced - spoilage of vacuum packaged refrigerated foods via gas production - some produce bacteriocins
Leuconostoc examplesLeuconostoc mesenteriodes produce dextran while growing in sucrose
Pediococcus- non motile; pairs or tetrads - gram positive - aerotolerant anaerobes - mesophilic, some can grow at 50 C - some survive pasteurization - found on plants - produce lactic acid; homofermentative - used in some food fermentations, spoil alcoholic begerages - some strains produce bacteriocins
Pediococcus examples- Pediococcus cerevisiae produce honey like odor, spoil beer - Pediococcus acidilactici: bioprocessing, produce bacteriocins
Sarcina- gram positive aerotolerant anaerobes - non motile large spherical cells - occur in cubical packets of 8 or more cells - in soil, plant material, animal feces - produce acid and gas from carbohydrates - spoil foods of plant origin