| What is the WHO definition of health | Health is the state of physical, social and mental well being and not only the absence of disease |
| What type of relationship does physical and psychological wellbeing have | Circular manner --> each symptoms influences each other and can cause each other to worsen e.g. Cardiovascular disease and depression worsen each other |
| Why does Psychology matter to medicine? | Can help diagnose and treat patients effectively --> 40% of GP consultations are psychological symptoms
More personalized medicine
Can improve health promotion
Can help manage stress/emotions
Changing beliefs and understanding |
| Difference between illness and disease | Illness --> subjective perception of change in the structure or function of the body that gives concern
Disease --> objective observable change in bodily structure or function
A illness is not always caused by a disease, it can be caused by psychological factors/social factors |
| What are examples of Psychological factors affecting illnesses | Fears
Low or anxious moods e.g. exaggerated concern about having brain tumour
Focussing of attention on symptoms e.g. I always listen to my body |
| What are examples of Social factors affecting illnesses | Common beliefs in society e.g. chest pain is dangerous
When other people have died e.g. my son had that and died
What doctors say e.g. ' its probably nothing or it might be fatal |
| What are all the different approaches to Behavioral changes | Health Belief Model
Transtheoretical model
COM-B model
Motivation Interviewing
Making Every contact count |
| What is the Health Belief Model | HBM is the likelihood of changing behavior is determined by the percieved threat of the current situation to change the behavior of the person |
| How effective are fear appealsl? | Generally not that effective since they don't change the persons belief and the person ignores the message since it seems to distressing |
| What are the different stages of Transtheoretical model | Precontemplation → person not even considering changing behavior
Contemplation → beginning to consider in the next 6 months
Preparation → Preparing to change in the next 30 days
Action → making the change in the short term ( 6 months )
Maintenance → change is consolidated and maintained long term and can lead to stable lifestyle
Relapse → reverting back to old behavior |
| What is motivation interviewing? | Empathetic therapist strives to experience the world from the client's view instead of seeing it as a doctor
Does not install motivation in the patient rather than make them find it themselves |
| What is making every contact count ( MECC ) | This is an approach that uses millions of day-day interactions that individuals have with other people to support them in making positive changes |
| What is the COM-B model? | Capability --> provision and physical strategies to engage behavioral change e.g. education
Opportunity --> education on available opportunities e.g. nicotine patches
Motivation --> using incentives e.g. Beneifts of quiting smoking |
