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level: Journal Club 2

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Journal Club 2

QuestionAnswer
reference and index testa diagnostic test that is being evaluated against another test, for reference
screening testsa test to detect a potential disease in someone that does not have symptoms
reliability (of a study/measure)the degree to which the result of a study/measurement can be depended on to be accurate, quality of being trustworthy
accuracythe degree to which the results of a study/measurement come close to the correct value
reproductibilitythe ability of something to be replicated/copied, the extent to which consistent results are obtained when an experiment is repeated
precisioncondition of being exact and accurate
validity (of study/measure)the extent to which a concept is accurately measured in a quantitative study, the quality of being factually sound
sensitivitythe true positive rate; it measures the proportion of positives that are correctly identified. e.g. diseased people who are actually identified as diseased
specificitythe true negative rate; it measures the proportion of the negatives that are correctly identified. e.g. non-diseased people that are actually identified as healthy
gold standard methoda method that has been tested repeatedly and has a reputation of being a reliable method in the field
variation/variabilitychange or difference in condition, e.g. when we measure something over and over again and get different results. lack of consistency
coefficient of variationratio of the standard deviation to the mean. the higher the coefficient variation, the greater the level of dispersion around the mean, so the greater the variation.
biasinclination towards a certain group. research bias -> when the researcher skews the study outcome to a specific result
95% confidence intervalsa statistical estimate. when you take 100 samples and compute a confidence interval on them, approximately 95 of them will contain the true (mean) value. a range in which the mean is located
daily repeat analysisan analysis that is done every day to see what changes
median differencethe middle value when you put all the data from smallest to largest. the median difference is the difference between the medians of two groups (?)
medianthe middle value when you put all the data from smallest to largest, the number for which half the observations are smaller and half are larger
interquartile range (IQR)the difference between the upper and lower quartiles, this is the middle 50% of the data
reference change value (RCV)it defines the minimal significant difference between two measurements at different time points