| what is etic | perspective that career development interventions for members of minority groups should be the same as the career development interventions used for those representing the minority |
| highlight importance of the designing career development interventions that are specific to the client culture | emic |
| multicultural career development interventions reflect the tension between ___ (universal) & ____ (culturally specific) | etic & emic |
| personality consists of universal (individuals are like all others in certain ways), group (individual are like some others in some ways), and individual (unique win certain ways) dimensions
(Kluckhorn & Murray) | Tripartite Personality Theory |
| What are the 4 facts that Fischer said appear to be "the universal elements of healing in all cultures" | a.) the therapeutic relationship
b.) shared worldview
c.) client expectations (attitude towards counseling)
d.) ritual or intervention (other three help set up stage for step 4) |
| who had the theory of "trying to experience the clients world as if it were your own without losing the 'as if' quality" | Rogers |
| what is acculturation | the process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group |
| what is a marginal person | someone who is psychologically caught between two cultures |
| what are two characteristics of a marginal person | - hold negative views toward both their own culture and host culture
- identity crisis : chronic restlessness, self-consciousness, and feelings of inferiority |
| individuals that are highly acculturated to multiple cultures (have better adjustment rates) | bicultural perspective |
| What are the 5 stages of Racial Identity Development (Atkinson, Morten, & Sue) | a.) conformity
b.) dissonance
c.) resistance & immersion
d.) introspection
e.) synergistic articulation & awareness |
| describe characteristics of an individual in the conformity stage of Racial Identity Development | belief in dominant cultures value system - including perception of racial/ ethnic minorities- attitudes towards members of own group may be negative (racial self-hatred as result of cultural racism) |
| describe characteristics of an individual in the dissonance stage of Racial Identity Development | more gradual to this stage, but significant events may push someone to this stage- usually move to this stage after interacting with someone that counters conforming stage - usually trying to open up their views - may be engaging in self-exploration |
| describe characteristics of an individual in the resistance & immersion stage of Racial Identity Development | reject views and values of dominant culture - often leads to intense anger - view oppression as primary source for concerns |
| describe characteristics of an individual in the introspection stage of Racial Identity Development | entertain that not everything in dominant culture is that bad - occurs when someone begins to feel more secure in racial identity |
| describe characteristics of an individual in the synergistic articulation & awareness stage of Racial Identity Development | examine values of own group and dominant culture - accept or reject views based on their own experiences - begin to experience self-fulfillment (attitude similarity becomes more important than membership-group similarity when seeking a counselor) |
| list steps of Cross' model that is similar to racial identity development | -pre-encoutner stage
- encounter stage
- immersion - emersion stage
- internalization stage
- internalization - commitment |
| list the 5 stages of the Gender-related Identity Development model introduced by Downing and Roush | 1. passive acceptance
2. revelation
3. embeddedness - emancipation
4. synthesis
5. active commitment |
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has a tendency to be more ______ | etic |
| more current approaches in therapy tend to be more ____ & more observant of _____ | emic & culture (how is it affecting people / influencing people) |
| List the 6 stages of Identity Development - suggested by Cass | 1. confusion
2. comparison
3. tolerance
4. acceptance
5. pride
6. synthesis |
| what are 5 factors that are important for career development counselors to address | 1. separation of work & family roles
2. emphasis on individualism & autonomy
3. view that work is central activity
4. notion that career development is a linear & rational process
5. white, male bias in occupational opportunity structure |
