| How do synovial joints function? | Synovial joints provide lubrication and support
- lubrication helps combat friction (overheating)
- synovial fluid helps combat the compressive forces
- cartilage creates a cushion and a slippery surface |
| Name the structure | Articular cartilage |
| Name the structure | Synovial Membrane |
| Name the structure | Joint Cavity containing Synovial Fluid |
| Name the structure | Fibrous Layer of articular capsule |
| Name the structure and what is surround it? | Tendon with a Tendon Sheath |
| What are the movements allowed by synovial joints? | 1. Gliding
2. Angular
3. Rotation |
| Describe the gliding movement | gliding movement is when one bone moves across the surface of another |
| Describe Angular movement | Angular movement are movements that change the angle between bones |
| Describe rotation movement | Rotation is movement around a bone's long axis |
| Where does gliding occur? | Gliding occurs between:
- carpals
- articular processes of the vertebrae
- Tarsals |
| What movement is shown here? | Gliding |
| What are examples of angular movement | - flexion
- extension
- abduction
- adduction
- circumduction |
| What type of movement is shown here? | Angular movement |
| What type of movement is shown here? | Angular movement |
| What is rotation movement? | rotation movement involves turning movement of a bone around its long axis
- rotation movement is the only movement allow between the atlas and axis vertebrae |
| Where does rotation movement occur? | occurs at the hip and shoulder joints |
| What type of movement is shown here | Rotation |
| What are considered special movements? | Protraction and retraction
Supination and Pronation |
| What is protraction | protraction are nonangular movements anteriorly |
| What is retraction? | nonangular movement posteriorly |
| What type of moevement is shown here? | Special movements protraction and retraction |
| What is supination | Supination is when the forearm rotates laterally, palm faces laterally |
| What is pronation? | special movement, forearm rotates medially with palm facing anteriorly |
| Describe a Hinge Joint | a hinge joint occurs when a cylindrical end of one bone fits into a rough trough of another bone |
| What type of movements does a hinge joint allow? | Angular movement
movement is uniaxial (around one axis only) |
| What type of joint is formed at the elbow? | Hinge Joint |
| What type of movement does a pivot joint produce? | Rotation
allows for uniaxial movement
- rotating bone only around its long axis |
| What are 2 examples of Pivot Joints? | 1. Proximal radioulnar joint
2. Joint between atlas and axis |
| Define Ball-and-socket joints | Ball and sockets joints are formed when a spherical end of one bone fits into the round socket of another |
| What type of movement does a ball and socket joint produce> | Multiaxial movement |
| What are 2 examples of a ball and socket joint? | 1. Shoulders
2. Hip joints |
| What type of joint can be seen at the shoulder? | Ball and socket |
| What lines articular surfaces? | articular surfaces are lined with hyaline cartilage |
| What do articular surfaces influence? | Articular surfaces an determine which movements are possible
- only provides stability for the hip joint, elbow joint and ankle |
| How do ligaments stabilize joints? | ligaments depending on their location can prevent excessive motion with the help of capsules too
- on the inferior or medial side ligaments prevent excessive abduction
- lateral or superiorly located ligaments resist adduction |
| Describe Muscle tone | muscle tones are tension areas
- they help stabilize the joints y keeping tensions on the tendons |
