| What are the functions of the pelvic girdle? | the pelvic girdle attaches the lower limbs to the spine
the pelvic girdle supports visceral organs |
| How does the pelvic girdle attach to the axial skeleton? | The pelvic girdle attaches to the axial skeleton via strong ligaments |
| What is the Acetabulum? | the acetabulum is a deep hemispherical socket on the lateral pelvic surface that holds the head of the femur |
| What is the difference between the lower and upper limbs? | Lower limbs have less freedom of movement because they are more stable |
| What does the pelvic girdle consist of? | The pelvic girdle consists of paired hip bones and the sacrum |
| How do the 2 pelvic bones unite? | The pelvic bones unite anteriorly with each other |
| What do the pelvic bones articulate with? | the pelvic bones posteriorly articulate with the sacrum |
| In childhood, what bones make up the pelvic girdle? | - ilium
- ischium
- pubis |
| What occurs to the 3 bones that makeup the pelvic girdle during adulthood | the 3 bones fuse together |
| What makes up the Coxal or pelvic bone | 1. Ilium
2. Pubis
3. Ischium |
| Name the structure | Sacrum |
| Name the structure | Coccyx |
| Name the structure | Pubic Symphysis |
| Name the structure | acetabulum |
| Name the structure | Pubis |
| Name the structure | Pubic arch |
| Name the structure | Pubic crest |
| name the structure | coccyx |
| Name the structure | iliac crest |
| Name the structure | Ischial Tuberosity |
| Define the Illium | the ilium is a large flaring bone that forms the superior region of the coxal (pevlic) bone. |
| Function of the Ilium bone | the site of attachment for many muscles |
| What is the sacroiliac joint? | The sacroiliac joint articulates the ilium and the sacrum |
| Name the structures | 1. Iliac crest
2. Iliac fossa |
| Define the Ischium | the ischium forms the posteroinferior region of the coxal bone |
| How does the ischium join the pubis? | the ischium anteriorly joins the pubis |
| What is the strongest part of the hip bone? | the ischial tuberosities |
| Define the Pubis | the pubis forms the anterior region of the coxal bones |
| In antomical positon, where does the pubis lie? | the pubis lies horizontally |
| Define the pubic symphysis | the pubic symphysis describes the joining of the 2 pubic bones through fibrocartilage |
| Where is the pubic arch located? | The pubic arch is located inferior to the pubic symphysis |
| How can the pubic arch help determine if the skeleton is male or female? | the angle of the pubic arch can help determine if the person was male or female
female: wider and shorter |
| What is the funtion of the lower limb? | the lower limb carries the entire weight of the erect body which is why the bones are thicker and stronger |
| What are the 3 segments the lower limb is divided into? | - thigh
- leg
- foot |
| Describe the thigh region | the thigh region is the area between the hip and the knee
- consists of the femur |
| Describe the femur | the single bone of the thigh
- longest and strongest bone |
| What does the femur articulate with? | the head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum |
| Name the structure | Head of Femur |
| Name the structure | Neck of femur |
| Name the structure | Greater Trochanter |
| Name the structure | Lesser Trochanter |
| Name the structure | Gluteal Tuberosity |
| Name the structure | Linea Aspera |
| Name the structure | Lateral Epicondyle |
| Name the structure | Lateral Condyle |
| Name the structure | Medial Condyle |
| Name the structural | Medial epicondyle |
| Name the structure | Patellar surface |
| What type of bone is the patella | Triangular Sesamoid bone |
| Where is the patella located? | the patella is embedded in the tendon that secures the quadriceps muscles |
| Function of the patella | - protects the knee anteriorly
- improves leverage of the thigh muscle across the knee |
| What does the leg consits of? | the leg is composed of the tibia and fibula |
| How does the leg recieve weight? | the leg receives eight from the femur |
| Define Tibia | the tibia is the more massive medial bone of the leg |
| Define Fibula | the fibula is the sticklike lateral bone of the leg |
| What connects the tibia and fibula? | the interosseous membrane connects the tibia and fibula |
| How does the tibia articulate with the femur? | the superior end of the tibia articulates with the femur and forms the knee joint |
| How does the tibia articulate with the talus | The inferior end of the tibia articulates with the talus and forms the ankle joint |
| What stabilizes the ankle joint? | The fibula stabilizes the ankle joint because the fibula does not contribute the knee joint |
| Name the structure | Fibula |
| Name the structure | Tibia |
| Name the sturcture | Intraserous membrane |
| Name the structure | Head of Fibula |
| Name the structure | Tibial Tuberosity |
| Name the structure | Medial Condyle |
| Name the structure | 1. Superior Tibiofibular joint
2. Inferior Tibiofibular joint |
| Name the structure | Fibular notch |
| Name the structure | 1. Articular surface of medial condyle
2. Articular surface of later condyle |
| Name the structures | 1. Femur
2. Patella
3. Tibia
4. Fibula |
| Name the structures | 1. Tibia
2. Fibula |
| Name the structures | 1. Tarsals
2. Meta Tarsals
2. Phalanges |
| What is Hip Dysplasia? | Hip Dysplasia occurs when the head of the femur slips out of the acetabulum |
| What is Clubfoot? | Clubfoot occurs when the soles of the feet turn medially |
| What do the pictues show? | 1. Hip Dysplasia (head of femur is out)
2. Clubfoot (feet are turned in) |
