| Lungs recieve unoxygenated blood from? | the pulmonary arteries |
| Describe the role of the pulmonary trunk | Pulmonary trunk moves blood from the right atrium and ventricle to the pulmonary arteries which run into the lung |
| Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in the.... | pulmonary capillaries |
| Blood from the lungs enters the heart through the | pulmonary veins |
| Where does blood from the pulmonary veins go? | Blood from the pulmonary veins enter the left atrium---> left ventricle----> aorta |
| Name this structure | Inferior Vena Cava |
| Name this structure | Superior Vena Cava |
| Name this structure | Pulmonary Trunk |
| Name this structure | Left and Right pulmonary Arteries |
| Name this structure | Pulmonary capillaries |
| Name this structure | Left and right pulmonary veins |
| Name this structure | Aorta |
| What occurs in the pulonary capillaries | gas exchange
- carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen |
| What are the basic functions of the respiratory system? | the respiratory system:
- supplies the body with oxygen
- disposes of carbon dioxide |
| What are the four processes involved in respiration? | - pulmonary ventilation
- external respiration
- transport of respiratory gases
- internal respiration |
| What organs are considered respiratory organs? | - Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses
- Pharynx, larynx, and trachea
- Bronchi and smaller branches
- Lungs and alveoli |
| Name this structure | Nasal Cavity |
| Name this structure | Pharynx |
| Name this structure | Larynx |
| Name this structure | Trachea |
| Name this structure | Left and right primary bronchus |
| Name this structure | Carina of trachea |
| Name this structure | Bronchi |
| Name this structure | Alveoli |
| What are the 2 zones the respiratory system is divided into? | Conducting zone
Respiratory zone |
| Define the conduction zone | The conducting zone includes"
- respiratory passageways that convey air
- filter, humidify, and warm incoming air |
| Define the respiratory zone | the respiratory zone includes:
- site of gas exchange in the lungs
- structures that have alveoli |
| Name this structure | Nasal Cavity |
| Name this structure | Nasopharynx |
| Name this structure | Oropharynx |
| Name this structure | Laryngopharynx |
| Name this structure | Esophagus |
| Name this structure | Trachea |
| Name this structure | Larynx |
| Describe the Pharynx | - funnel shaped passageway
-connects the nasal cavity and mouth
- divided into 3 sections (Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx)
-mucosal lining changes along its length |
| Describe the Nasopharynx | - continuous with nasal cavity
- contains pharyngeal tonsils giving it its immune function of destroying entering pathogens
- contains opening to auditory tube |
| Describe the pharynx | - archlike entrance way that extend from the soft plate to the epiglottis
- contains stratified squamous epithelium |
| What two tonsils are found in the oropharynx? | the Palatine tonsils- (in lateral walls of fauces)
the Lingual tonsils (covering posterior surface of the tongue) |
| Describe the Laryngopharynx | - passageway for food and air
- contains stratified squamous epithelium
- continuous with the esophagus and larynx
- extends to the cricoid cartilage |
| Name this structure | Laryngeal prominence (aka adams apple) |
| Name this structure | Cricoid cartilage |
| Name this structure | Jugular notch |
| Describe voice production | length of the vocal folds changes with pitch
loudness depends on the force of air across the vocal folds |
| What innervates the larynx | a branch of the vagus nerve... recurrent laryngeal nerves |
| Describe the Trachea | C-shaped cartilage rings keep the airway open
Carina marks where the trachea splits into 2 bronchi
contains pseudostratified ciliated columnar |
| Name this structure | Trachea |
| Name this structure | Left and Right primary Bronchi |
| Which lung is smaller and why? | Left lung is smaller than the right lung due to the heart being present |
| What are the different types of Alveoli | Type 1:
- single layer of simple squamous epithelial cells and is surrounded by basal lamina
Type 2:
Alveolar and capillary walls and basal lamina form the respiratory membrane |
| Name this structure | Alveoli |
| Name this structure | Respiratory membrane |
| Name this structure | Red blood cell in capillary |
| Name this structure | Alveolar epithelium |
| Name this structure | Capillary endothelium |
| Name this structure | Visceral pluera |
| Name this structure | Pleural cavity |
| Name this structure | Parietal Pleura |
| Name this structure | blue: left superior lobe
green: oblique fissure
purple: left inferior lobe |
| Name this structure | Heart |
| Name this structure | blue: right superior lobe
green: right middle lobe
purple: right inferior lobe |
| Name this structure | blue: horizontal fissure
green: oblique fissure |
| Name this structure | Base of lung |
| Name this structure | Trachea |
| Function of Pulmonary arteries | deliver oxygen poor blood to the lungs |
| Function of Pulmonary veins | carry oxygenated blood to the heart |
| Parasympathetic controls what in our lungs | Parasympathetic- constricts airways |
| Symopathetic controls what in our lungs | sympathetic- dilates airways |
| What surrounds the lung? | The Pleurae (A double layered sac surrounds each lung)
- parietal pleura
- visceral pleura |
| Define the pleura cavity | the pleura cavity is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae |
| What does the pleurae help divide? | The pleurae helps divide the thoracic cavity into the central mediastinum and the 2 lateral pleural compartments |
| What is the neural control of ventilation? | The ventral respiratory group is the neural control of ventilation and is located in the medulla oblongata
- the neurons generate a respiratory rythm |
| Name this structure | Pons |
| Name this structure | The medulla is the site there the Ventral Respiratory and Dorsal Respiratory group are found and send signals to the diaphragm nd intercostal nerves |
| What is the Dorsal Respiratory Group | The DRG integrates the peripheral sensory input and modifies the rhythms generated by VRG. |
| Bronchial Asthma | - a type of allergic inflammation (hypersensitivity to irritants in the air or to stress) |
| Asthma attacks are characterized by... | - contraction of bronchiole smooth muscle
- secretion of mucus in airways |
| Cystic Fibrosis | - inherited disease
- exocrine gland function is disrupted
- affected by over secretion of viscous mucus |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | - airflow in and out of lungs is difficult that could be due to obstructive emphysema or chronic bronchitis
- usually has history of smoking or caused by air pollution |
| Describe Emphysema | Emphysema is the destruction of alveolar walls thus preventing gas exchange |
| Define chronic bronchitis | excess mucus production which causes and chronic cough |
