| What makes up the pharynx | a. nasopharynx
b. oropharynx
c. Laryngopharynx |
| Function of the Pharynx | - passageway for air and food
- contains vocal cords
- functions in swallowing, breathing, and voice production. |
| Function of the Nasopharynx | allows air to flow from the nose through the rest of the pharynx and into the lungs. |
| What is located in the Nasopharynx? | - nasal cavity
- soft plate
- Hard plate
- Entrance to Eustachian Tube |
| Function of Oropharynx | allows for swallowing and speech. |
| What is located in the Oropharynx? | - Soft plate
- hard plate
- Oral cavity
- Tongue |
| Function of the Laryngopharynx | passage for food and air
- during swallowing, the entry of od air is temporarily stopped to allow food to pass safely to the esophagus. |
| What is located in the Laryngopharynx? | - Epiglottis
- Larynx |
| Define Epiglottis | a flap in the throat that keeps food from entering the windpipe or lungs.
Allos air to flow into larynx
Is closed during swallowing to allow foods and liquids to enter esophagus. |
| what is the pharynx lined with? | stratified squamous epithelium |
| Label the covered structures | Pharynx
a. nasopharynx
b. Oropharynx
c. Laryngopharynx |
| What structures are found in the Nasopharynx | entrance to eustachian tube
nasal cavity
soft plate
hard plate |
| What structures are found in the oropharynx? | portion of hard and small plate
Oral cavity
Tongue |
| What structure are found in the Laryngopharynx? | Epiglottis and the Larynx |
| Define the term Esophagus | a muscular tube that can contract or expand in which food passes
connects the oral region with the stomach region |
| Give a description of the gross anatomy of the esophagus | the esophagus begins as a continuation of the pharynx and then joins the stomach inferior to the diaphram. |
| Name this structure | Esophagus |
| Label the structures | a. Pharynx
b. Tongue
c. Spinchter
d. Trachea
e. esophagus
d. cardiac spinchter |
| Define cardiac spinchter | the cardiac spinchter closes the lumen to prevent stomach acid from entering the esophagus |
| Label covered structure | Mucosa
- stratified squamous epithelium |
| Label covered structures | Submucosa
- areolar connective tissue |
| Label covered structures | Adentitia
- fibrous connective tissue |
| Define the stomach | -site of where food undergoes a very serious break down and churns into chyme.
-the internal environment is very acidic/ has a low pH
-secretes hydrochloric acid
- secretion of digestive enzymes (pepsin) |
| What are the regions of the stomach? | 1. Cardia part
2. Fundus
3. Body
4. Pyloric part |
| Define Cardia | the cardia surrounds the opening of the esophagus into the stomach. |
| Define Fundus | The fundus of the stomach which is the area above the level of the cardial orfice (opening where the esophagus communicates with the stomach) |
| Define the body of stomach | The body of the stomach is the largest region of the stomach. |
| Define the pyloric part of the stomach | The pyloric part of the stomach is the distal end of the stomach and is divided into 2 parts
- pyloric antrum
-pyloric canal |
| Label the covered structure | Cardia |
| Lable the covered structure | Fundus |
| Label the covered structure | Body |
| Label the covered structue | Pyloric region- pyloric antrum -pyloric canal |
| Define the pyloric sphincter | band of smooth muscle, acts as a valve to control the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestine |
| What are the different layers of the stomach? | top line is the longitudinal muscle layer
middle line is the circular muscle layer
bottom line is the oblique muscle layer |
