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level: Level 1 of Chapter 12

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of Chapter 12

Question	Answer
According to Erikson, a coherent conception of the self made up of goals, values, and beliefs to which a person is solidly committed.	Identity
Erikson’s fifth crisis of psychosocial development in which an adolescent seeks to develop a coherent sense of self, including the role she or he is to play in society.	Identity vs. identity confusion
In Erikson’s theory, a “time-out” period that is provided by adolescence.	Psychological moratorium
In Erikson’s theory, the virtue attained in the fifth crisis, involving sustained loyalty, faith, and/or a sense of belonging to loved ones.	Fidelity
Marcia’s term for states of ego development that depends on the presence or absence of crisis and commitment.	Identity statuses
Semi-structured interviews, lasting approximately 30 minutes, during which a person’s identity status is determined.	Identity-status interviews
Marcia’s term for period of conscious decision making related to identity formation.	Crisis
Marcia’s term for personal investment in an occupation or system of beliefs.	Commitment
Identity status, described by Marcia, which is characterized by a commitment to choices made following a crisis, a period spent in exploring alternatives.	Identity achievement
Identity status, described by Marcia, in which a person who has not spent time considering alternatives (that is, has not been in crisis) is committed to other people’s plans for his or her life.	Foreclosure
Identity status, described by Marcia, in which a person is currently considering alternatives (in crisis) and seems headed for commitment.	Moratorium
Identity status, described by Marcia, which is characterized by absence of commitment and lack of serious consideration of alternatives.	Identity diffusion
Achieved by seeing oneself as a sexual being, recognizing one's sexual orientation, coming to terms with sexual stirrings, and forming romantic or sexual attachments.	Sexual identity
Focus of consistent sexual, romantic, and affectionate interest, either heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual.	Sexual orientation
Infections spread by sexual contact.	Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Pattern of emotional turmoil, characteristic of a minority of adolescents, which may involve conflict with family, alienation from adult society, reckless behavior, and rejection of adult values.	Adolescent rebellion
Adolescent's struggle for autonomy and differentiation, or personal identity.	Individuation
Control over a child's conduct.	Behavioral control
Control over a child's feelings, beliefs, and sense of self.	Psychological control
One's rights to one's own thoughts and feelings.	Psychological autonomy
One-to-one interaction.	Dyadic
Structured groups of friends who do things together.	Cliques
A larger type of grouping, based on reputation, image, or identity.	Crowds
Strength of social connections within a neighborhood and the extent to which residents monitor or supervise each other's children.	Collective efficacy