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| Mumbai key points and Mumbai Megacity | High birth rate, high population growth Mumbai - Home to a number of financial instituitons, Bollywood. High Migration from poorer rural areas with no jobs, poor santitstion, poor education and healthcare access. Pull factors, healthcare, jobs, education (especially in comparison to rural areas) access to clean water, access to energy. Formal economy (Industrial) but jobs found in informal industry (selling goods on the street) Social challenges in Mumbai Slums, 1 in 400 toilet access, high rates of unemployment. Poor work quality. Air pollution, waste levels high. Improving Slums in Dhavari - Vision Mumbai project. Build 1.1 million low cost homes, reduce poverty. High rise homes, taxes need to be paid which may affect the income of the poorer people. Mumbai - Megacity. Over 1 in 6 live here. |
| London Docklands - Urban Regeneration; Why the docklands and success? | 1970's new shipping container and didnt fit into the Thames, especially the Isle of Dogs. Containerisation (previously ships loaded on manually)but 83,000 jobs lost (1961-71). spiral of decline. Knock on impacts, drop in population (Tower Hamlets) and no commercial infrastructure. Quality of Life dropped. What was done 1981- Conservative govt set up (London Docklands Development Coorporation (LDDC). Positive Impacts; environment, increasing of open spaces, parks (150 ha), brought in an ecology park, 200,000 trees planted as well as cycle routes. More high rise, office buildings. Unemployment fell. Unemployment halved. 2,700 businesses. Docklands light railway (35,000 travellers a week) 22,000 new homes, brand new shopping parade. 10 million of council accommodation. Improve quality of life. 100 million on education, healthcare, job training. Drawbacks; original people who lived there, where they could live. |
| River Tees | 137 KM long, Source is on the Penines. Upper course, V shaped valley, Cow Green Resovoir is found Largest waterfall, High Force. Middle course, Oxbow lakes, levees (past flooding events) and Lower Course, Stockton, more Industrial Mouth estuary and mudflats making a nature reserve |
| Happisburgh; case study | Norfolk, Haysborough- fastly eroding coastline and may not be there in 30 years. No where more effeated by erosion in Norfolk than Happisburgh coastline. Erosion is irratic 20 years time, will lose 97m of coastline. Homes, roads already been lost to erosion 1959- Sea defences built slow down erosion, erosion rate decreased Changes in governement meant funding no longer avaliable by central government (??) 1990 Storm, 2015 4000 tonnes Rock Armour added, local contributions and local council paid Softer rocks sucseptble to erosion even during the summer months. Hard Engineering. 15 million pounds to fix. Landscape approach, management shore plan, allowing time for people to move. |
| Case study of urban environments in a developing country or an emerging country. Mumbai Toilet scheme | Add notes here |