Atomic Structure/ Nature of Bonding
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Technitium isotope and its use? | Technitium-99, detection of tumours |
| Iodine isotope and its use | Iodine-131 treatment of thyroid cancer, treatment of goiter |
| Californium isotope and use | Californium-252, detection of explosives |
| Americium isotope and uses? | Americium 241, used in smoke detectors |
| Carbon isotope and uses | Carbon-14, estimating the age of things that contain carbon |
| Uranium isotope and uses | Uranium-238, estimating the age of rocks |
| Boiling and melting points for ionic compounds? | Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points because strong forces of attraction |
| Solubility of ionic compounds? | Ionic compounds are soluble in water (water molecules are attracted to ions) and insoluble in organic solvents |
| Do ionic compounds conduct electricity | Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or in aqueous solution only. free moving electrons |
| Boiling and melting points of simple molecular structures + explanation | Simple molecular structures have low melting and boiling points because weak intermolecular forces exist between the molecules |
| Solubility of simple molecular structures | Simple molecular structures are soluble in organic substances and insoluble in water |
| Conduction of electricity for simple molecular structures? | Simple molecular structures do not conduct electricity in any state as there are no free moving ions |
| Melting and boiling points for giant molecular structures? | Giant molecular structures have high melting and boiling points, large number of atoms held together by strong covalent bonds |
| Conduction of electricity in giant molecular structures? | Giant molecular structures do not conduct electricity (except graphite) |
| Solubility of giant molecular structures | Subs with giant molecular structures are insoluble in both water and organic solvents |
| Why is diamond hard and has a high melting point? | Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms that in turn are bonded to four more carbon atoms. 3d structure and strong covalent bonds |
| Why does diamond not conduct electricity | All the outer electrons of carbon atoms are used for bonding, no free moving electrons |
| Why does graphite have a high melting and boiling point? | Each carbon atom in graphite is bonded to 3 carbon atoms that in turn are bonded to 3 more carbon atoms, forming a layer of hexagons. strong covalent bonds |
| Why is graphite soft and slippery? | The layers of carbon atoms are held loosely by weak intermolecular forces, these layers can slide over each other when force is applied |
| Why does graphite conduct electricity? | Each carbon atom has one spare electron that is not used in covalent bonding. these electrons can move freely past layers and are said to be delocalised |
| Why does silicon dioxide have a high melting and boiling point | Each silicon atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms and each oxyegn atom is bonded to two silicon atoms. 3d structure, strong covalent bond. |
| Why does silicon dioxide not conduct electricity? | No free moving electrons |
| Why are metals good conductors of electricity? | When atoms are tightly packed, the outer electrons can easily break away |
| Why are metals good conductors of heat | The delocalised electrons can easily transfer heat energy |
| Why do metals have high melting, boiling points and densities? | Packed strongly together; strong metallic bonds |
| Why are metals malleable and ductile | When force is applied, one layer of metal ions can slide over the other through the sea of mobile electrons |
| Physical properties of metals? | Metals are: malleable and ductile, have high melting and boiling points and densities, can conduct heat and electricity |
| Properties of silicon dioxide | Silicon dioxide cannot conduct electricity, has high melting and boiling point |
| Physical properties of graphite? | Graphite has a high melting and boiling point, is soft and slippery, can conduct electricity |
| Physical properties of diamond | High melting and boiling point, cannot conduct electricity, |
| Properties of ionic compounds | Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points, conduct electricity when molten or in aqueous state only, soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents |
| Properties of substances with simple molecular structures | Simple molecular structures have low melting and boiling points, do not conduct electricity in any state, and are soluble in organic solvents only |
| Properties of substances with giant molecular structures | Giant molecular structures have very high melting and boiling points, are insoluble in both organic solvents and water, and do not conduct electricity |