| 1 practical application of knowledge
2 Application of organized knowledge and
skills in the form of devices, medicines,
vaccines, procedures and systems
developed to solve a health problem,
and to improve quality of life | 1 Technology
2 Health Technology |
| Three ways to describe health
technology include its: | 1 physical nature
2 purpose
3 stage of diffusion |
| PHYSICAL NATURE refers to category that
being offered or used by the subjecs.
these categories are
interdependent/related/connected
Main categories involve: | ● Drugs
● Biologics
● devices/equipments/supplies
● medical and surgical procedures
● public health programs
● support system
● organizational and managerial
systems |
| Purpose of application
(Health Technology) | 1 Prevention
2 Screening
3 Diagnosis
4 Treatment
5 Rehabilitation
6 Palliation
PSD TRP |
| 1 protect against disease by preventing it from
occurring, reducing the risk of its occurrence, or limiting its extentor sequelae (e.g., immunization,
hospital infection control program, fluoridated water
supply)
2 detect a disease, abnormality, or associated risk factors in asymptomatic people
(e.g., Pap smear, tuberculin test,screening mammography, serum cholesterol testing) | 1 Prevention
2 Screening |
| 1 identify the cause and nature or extent of disease in
a person with clinical signs or symptoms (e.g.,
electrocardiogram, serological test for typhoid, x-ray for possible broken bone)
2 intended to improve or maintain health status or avoid
further deterioration (e.g., antiviral therapy, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, psychotherapy) | 1 Diagnosis
2 Treatment |
| 1 restore, maintain or improve a physically or
mentally disabled person's function and well-being (e.g., exercise program for post-stroke patients, assistive device for severe speech impairment, incontinence aid)
2 improve the quality of life of patients, particularly for
relief of pain, symptoms, discomfort, and stress of serious illness, as well as psychological, social, and spiritual problems.
provided for progressive, incurable disease | 1 Rehabilitation
2 Palliation |
| STAGE OF DIFFUSION: Technologies may
be assessed at different stages of diffusion and maturity. In general, health care technologies may be DESCRIBED AS BEING: | 1 Future
2 Experimental
3 Investigational
4 Established
5 Obsolete/outmoded/abandoned
FE IE O |
| 1 in a conceptual stage/planning stage, anticipated,
or in the earliest stages of development
2 undergoing
bench or laboratory testing using
animals or other models | 1 Future
2 Experimental |
| 1 undergoing INITIAL CLINICAL (i.e., in humans)
EVALUATION for a particular condition or indication
2 considered by clinicians to be a STANDARD APPROACH to a particular condition or indication and diffused into
general use | 1 Investigational
2 Established |
| superseded by other
technologies or demonstrated to
be ineffective or harmful | Obsolete/outmoded/abandoned |
| FACTORS that REINFORCE THE MARKET for
Health Technology | ● Strong or growing economies
● Aging populations
● Advances in science and engineering
● Provider competition to offer state-of-the-art technology
● Increasing prevalence of chronic diseases
● Emerging pathogens and other disease threats
● Intellectual property, especially patent protection
● Third-party payment, fee-for-service payment
● Financial incentives of technology companies, clinicians, hospitals, and others
● Public demand driven by direct-to-consumer advertising, mass media reports, social media, and consumer awareness and advocacy
● Off-label use of drugs, biologics, and devices
● “Cascade” effects of unnecessary tests, unexpected results, or patient or physician anxiety
● Clinician specialty training at academic medical centers
● Malpractice avoidance |
| Health Technology Assessment | ● Medicines
● Medical device
● Vaccines
● Procedures and systems
MM VP |
| refers to the the SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION of properties, effects, and/or impacts of health-related technology which utilizes a multidisciplinary process to evaluate the clinical, economic, organizational social, and ethical issues of a health intervention or health technology - WHO
application of organized knowledge and skills to solve a health problem and improve quality of life.
main purpose is to inform policymaking for
technology in health care
may address the direct, intended, indirect, & unintended consequences of technologies
conducted by interdisciplinary groups using
explicit analytical frameworks | Health technology assessment
(HTA) |
| Purpose of Health Technology Assessment
(HTA) | 1 Regulatory agencies about whether to permit the commercial use (e.g., marketing) of a drug
2 Payers about technology coverage and
reimbursement
3 Clinicians and patients about the appropriate use of health care interventions
4 Health professional associations about the role of a technology
5 health care organizations about decisions regarding technology acquisition and management |
| 3 Basic orientation of HTA | 1 Technology-oriented assessments
2 Problem-oriented assessments
3 Project-oriented assessments
TPP |
| are intended to determine the characteristics or
impacts of particular technologies.
ex. a government agency may want to determine
the clinical, economic, social, professional, or other impacts of cochlear implants, cervical cancer screening | Technology-oriented assessments |
| focus on solutions or strategies for managing a particular disease, condition, or other problem for which alternative or complementary technologies
might be used. | Problem-oriented assessments |
| focus on a local placement or use of a technology in a particular institution, program, or other designated project. | Project-oriented assessments |
