| Antidiuretic Hormone | Hormone produced in the pituitary gland to control the reabsorption of water by the renal tubules |
| Aldosterone | Hormone produced by the adrenals to control sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion |
| Bowman's Capsule | Cup-like capsule enclosing each glomerulus |
| Capillaries | Smallest blood vessels |
| Creatinine | Non-protein nitrogenous waste produced by muscle cell metabolism |
| Electrolytes | Chemical substance that carries an electrical charge |
| Erythropoietin | Hormone produced by the kidney to stimulate the production of RBC's in the bone marrow |
| Filtration | Passage of substances from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule |
| Glomerulus | Collection of capillaries in the renal cortex where filtration takes place |
| Kidney | Pair of retroperitoneal bean-shaped organs where urine is formed |
| Nephron | The functional unit of the kidney |
| Nitrogen | Electrolyte component of protein and amino acids |
| Nitrogenous Waste | Waste product of protein metabolism; excreted in urine |
| Reabsorption | Substances return to the bloodstream from the renal tubules |
| Renal Cortex | Outer section of the kidney |
| Renal Medulla | Inner section of the kidney |
| Renal Pelvis | Central collecting region of the kidney |
| Renal Tubules | Small tubes in the kidney where reabsorption takes place |
| Renin | Proteolytic enzyme produced by the kidney to regulate blood pressure |
| Urea | Non-protein nitrogenous waste that results from protein breakdown |
| Ureter | Tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
| Urethra | Tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| Urinary Bladder | Sac that temporarily stores urine |
| Urine | Water and waste products produced by the kidneys and stored in the urinary bladder |
| Voiding | Emptying of urine from the urinary bladder |
| Azotemia | Increase in non-protein nitrogenous wastes in the blood |
| Dialysis | Separation of waste products from the bloodstream |
| Diuresis | Increased excretion or urine |
| Enuresis | Inability to control excretion |
| Perineal Urethrostomy | New opening in the area between the anus and scrotum to correct FUS |
| Pollakiuria | Frequent urination |
| Renal Colic | Pain caused by stones in the kidney |
| Renal Ischemia | Lack of blood flow to the kidneys |
| Stranguria | Straining to urinate; slow or painful urination |
| Urinalysis | Separation of urine into its components |
| Urethral Stricture | Tightening or narrowing of the urethra |
| Urinary Retention | Inability to completely empty the bladder |
