DIGESTION N ABSORPTION
this a for the course of human digestive system
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DIGESTION N ABSORPTION - Details
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Major components of food | Carbs protein n fats |
What are required in small quantities ? | Mineral n water |
What does food provide us with n for what ? | *energy n organic material *growth n repair of tissue |
Role of water in our body ? | *metabolic processes *prevents dehydration of the body |
What is digestion ? | Complex food --------------> simple ABSORBABLE form |
Digestion is carried out by which 2 methods ? | Mechanical n biochemical methods |
The mouth first leads to ? | Oral /buccal cavity |
What does oral cavity contains ? | Teeth , tongue |
Characteristics of human teeth | *thecodont *diphyodont *heterodont |
Different type of dentation ? | Incisors , canine , premolars , molars |
Dental formula for adults | 2123/2123 |
What does enamel help in ? | Mastication of food |
What is epiglottis made up of ? | Cartilaginous flap |
Opening of windpipe | Glottis |
Sphincter that regulates opening of oesophagus into stomach ? | Gastro-oesophageal sphincter |
Where is stomach located ? | Upper left portion of abdominal cavity |
Parts of stomach | Cardiac fundus body pyloric |
Parts of small intestine | *duodenum *jejunum *ileum |
Points on caecum | *small blind sac *hosts symbiotic microorganism |
Shape of vermiform appendix | Narrow finger like tubular projections |
Parts of colon ? | Ascending transverse descending n sigmoid |
Which parts open into rectum | Sigmoid / descending |
Layers of alimentary canal | *serosa *muscularis *sub mucosa *mucosa |
Serosa made up of ? | *smooth muscles *thin mesothelium |
Mesothelium ? | Epithelium of visceral organs |
Muscularis is made up of ? | Smooth muscles arranged into *inner circular *outer longitudinal |
Sub mucosal layer is formed of ? | Loose connective tissues with nerves blood n lymph vessels |
What does mucosa form in stomach ? | Irregualr folds (rugae) n villi (finger like projections ) |
Which modification increases the surface area ? | Brush border appearnce in small intestine |
What are villi supplied with ? | Network of capillaries n lacteals (large lymph vessels ) |
What does goblet cells of mucosal epithelium secrete | Mucus (lubrication) |
Glands by mucosa | Gastric gland --- stomach crypts of lei ----small intestine (crypts r btw villi bases ) |
The three salivary glands | *parotids---cheek *sub maxillary/ mandible ---lower jaw *sub lingual---below tongue |
Weight of liver | 1.2 to 1.5 kg |
Position of liver in the body ? | Abdominal cavity just below diaphragm |
The structural n functional units of liver ? | Hepatic lobules |
Each lobule is covered in ? | Glissons capsule (thin connective tissue sheath) |
Bile is secreted by ? | Hepatic cells |
Bile is stored n conc in ? | Gall bladder |
Gall bladder is ? | Thin muscular sac |
What forms the common bile duct ? | Cystic duct + hepatic duct |
Bile +pancreatic duct is ? | Common hepato-pancreatic duct |
Common hepato pancreatic duct is gaurded by ? | Sphincter of oddi |
Where is pancreas situated ? | Btw the limbs of c shaped duodenum |
Process of digestion is accomplished by ? | Mechanical n chemical process |
Function of buccal cavity | *mastication of food *facilitation of swallowing |
Function of teeth n tongue ? | With saliva masticate n mix up the food thoroughly |
Fucntion of mucus in saliva ? | Lubricating n adhering the masticated food into bolus |
The act of swallowing | Deglutition |
Movement thru which bolus passes down ? | Peristalsis |
Components of saliva | *electrolytes(Na , K , Cl,HCO3) *salivary enzymes *lysozyme |
Role of lysozyme in saliva | Antibacterial agent that prevents infection |
The 3 cells of gastric gland | *mucus neck cell *peptic or chief cell *parietal or oxyntic cell |
Peptic or chief cells secrete | Pepsinogen |
Parietal or oxyntic cell | HCl n intrinsic factors |
What is chyme ? | Bolus mixed with acidic gastric juice n churned |