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level: 3.6 Prokaryotic cells and viruses

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level questions: 3.6 Prokaryotic cells and viruses

QuestionAnswer
Prokaryotic cells- Bacteria and archaea (ancient bacteria)
The structure of eukaryotic cells (in comparison to prokaryotes)- True nucleus - Linear DNA, no plasmids - DNA associated with proteins, histones - Membrane-bound organelles - Chloroplasts in plants - Large ribosomes - Cell wall made of cellulose - No capsule - No flagellum
The structure of prokaryotic cells (in comparison to eukaryotes)- No true nucleus - Circular DNA, plasmids - DNA not associated with proteins - No membrane-bound organelles - No chloroplasts, only bacterial chlorophyll - Small ribosomes - Cell wall made of murein - Capsule - Flagellum
Capsule function- Protects bacterium from other cells - Helps groups of bacteria to stick together for further protection
Circular DNA function- Possesses the genetic information for replication
Plasmid function- Possesses genes that may aid the survival of bacteria in adverse conditions - Like producing enzymes that break down antibiotics
Flagellum- Long and hair-like - Rotates to make cell move
Viruses- Acellular, non-living particles - Smaller than bacteria
Structure of viruses- Contains DNA + RNA - Can only multiply in living cells - The nucleic acid is enclosed in a protein coat, capsid - Some viruses surrounded by lipid envelope
Importance of capsid or lipid envelope- They have attachment proteins - Which identifies and attaches to host cells