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level: 1.6 Proteins

Questions and Answers List

level questions: 1.6 Proteins

QuestionAnswer
What is a peptide bond- A condensation reaction between amino acids - bonding them together
Monomers that make up proteins- Amino acids
What is a dipeptide- Two amino acids bonded together
What is a polypeptide- Multiple amino acids bonded together
What chemical groups are the central carbon atom in an amino acid attached to- Amino group - Carboxyl - an acidic group - Hydrogen atom - R group
Polymerisation of amino acids meaning- Many amino acids monomers joined together in a series of condensation reactions - Forming a polypeptide
The primary structure of proteins- The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
The secondary structure of proteins- Hydrogen bonds form between the amino acids in the chain - It either coils into an alpha helix or folds into a beta pleated sheet
Different bonds in the tertiary structure- Disulfide bridges - strong not easily broken (sulfur-sulfur, covalent bonds), binds chains together - Ionic bonds - not involved in peptide bonds - weak - Hydrogen bonds - numerous but easily broken
The tertiary structure of proteins- The chains are coiled or folded even further - More bonds form - Single polypeptide chained proteins form their final 3D structure at this point
The quaternary structure of proteins- Some proteins are made of many polypeptide chains - These chains are assembled again - Forming their final 3D structure
Test for proteins- Add sodium hydroxide solution - solution needs to be alkaline - Add copper sulfate solution - Turns purple if protein is present
Functions of proteins- Enzymes - Antibodies - Transport proteins - Structural proteins
Types of proteins- Fibrous proteins - Globular proteins
Fibrous proteins- Insoluble - Structural - Many disulfide bridges - e.g collagen
Globular proteins- Soluble - SPECIFIC 3D shape - Metabolism - e.g enzymes
Explain why differences in primary structure result in proteins with different properties- Different sequences of amino acids - Means bonds in different places which gives a different tertiary structure (shape)